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Are we ready for today? Yes. Our last day, right? Yeah. And next week? No! Your turn, right? For sleeping and hours. Yeah. Let me just check. And dance before we proceed. Now, on Jek.

- Okay.

I'm done with my lecture actually. Finished. Because officially I've uploaded the lecture, recorded lecture in LMS, right? I'm not repeating those lectures because I'm expecting that you already have watched and learned from those three lectures.

But unfortunately, based on my records, only 8 out of 37 have seen it. Yes, based on the records projected in LMS. I will see those numbers, whether you have seen it. Those three. So those who have completed are the following. Cherin Doyeon, Kim Jiwon, Kim Yeokwon.

Mo Ji Won, Pak Un Sol, Pak Cheon, Han Young, and Hong Ju. Only. What about the rest? What about the others? When do you plan to read or even see those lectures? It's only a week to go. before the

right and I have uploaded that way way back chapters 5 and 6 would be of the antibiotics continuation and chapter 17 would be two parts covering those of the drugs for cancer anti-cancer drugs all right so what I am planning to do today would be just a review class so as soon as I'm done with the review session

Officially, we could call it off. But I guess the remaining hours for those whom I called may go, may leave, ahead of time. But those who will be not yet at least have seen one of those, but you have to complete all those until 6 o'clock. So if you do not complete those, then I will be asking all of you to summarize at least one of those recorded videos. Fair enough, right?

I mean told. Even if one of you failed to see those completed, so it's up to you, to remind the rest. I will be updating you until maybe 5 o'clock. But I will not be announcing who would not be on the list. But just a reminder. So until 6 and you haven't seen those three.

you will have to submit a summary of those assignments. I don't like to do that, but then it's for your learning that will be enhanced. So for today, I'll bring some practice exercises and those of friendly reminders for you to remember what you should focus for the mid-term exam. Alright, you can take a picture of mine.

So as long as you would be reminded of the falling. So I'd like to have your eyes and ears as we move on to this. So what are those terminologies in PP that would be must to remember? Of course, as you would recall, the basics of the foundation would be PD, PK, right? PD. What is PD? PD. PD. PD. PD. PD. PD. PD. So that would be of your?

with that of pharmacokinetics. What do you mean by ADMI? A4 absorption, B and D distribution, M metabolism, E elimination or excretion. Which of these organs would be responsible for excreting those drugs?

What organ will be responsible for excretion of those drugs? Which organ of the body will eliminate, will remove? Liver. Kidneys. Kidneys. Lung. Main organ that will be removing all those substances not used by the body because the liver will be responsible for what?

The COG liver will be responsible for what?

ADME

Liver will be responsible for 1, 2, 3, or 4. Admin, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excitation. Metabolism.

The verb will be responsible for

One, two, three, or four. So you know kidneys would be for elimination, excretion. Liver would be? Two. Two. Yun-je? Three. Very good. What about PD, PK? Okay. So this is PK. What the body will do to the drugs refers to what? PD or PK?

Give me a number. Yun-Jae. 1 to 37. Exept 35. Seven. Seven. Min-Jae. What the body will do to the drugs refers to what? PD or PK? P. Hmm? PK. Are you asking? PK or PK?

Which one? Give me an answer. One or two? We just switch. One or two. Final answer. P2. Am I hearing it correctly? P2. Look at me. Look and read between my eyes. P, D, or P, K? What the body will do to these drugs will be referring to what?

One or two? PK. Final answer? Are you sure? It's PK? Yes. Yes. Correct? PK? Yes, of course. What about pharmacodynamics? What is pharmacodynamics? It refers to what? It refers to all of action. DA, right? Drugs action or action of drugs. What do you mean by action of drugs? What are those actions we are referring to? Give me one action.

- Coming G number? What number? 1 to 37. 11. - Yunha. Kim Yunha. Give me one action. Under PD, pharmacodynamics.

are three actions that we learned right what are those actions when the drug will be able to stop or slow down the cells

What does it refer to? One agonist. Two partial agonists. Three antagonists. One, two, or three. I hope you're taking down notes. This is just a review in preparation for the mid-term. One, two, or three action of the drugs. When it stops or slows down.

the cell activity. So those receptors will not be activated.

answer is that?

One, four, three.

Sorry? One is agonist. Two is partial agonist. Three is antagonist. When the drug will not stimulate those cells' activity, it slows down or stops. Metabolism is not included. I'm not asking for PK. I'm asking for PD. What are those 3D? Meaning,

Drug actions. What do you mean by drug actions? Where those drugs will be acting on those receptors, whether they are agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists.

Agonism means full activation of those receptors for the cells to be simulated. So I'm asking whether this drug will be acting on those receptors so the cells will not be activated. Which one are we referring to? Three is correct. It should be Antabulous.

not agonist. Give me a number. So we understand what PD is, PK is, and those of the ADME. What about those side effects, adverse effects, toxic effects of the drugs?

What do you mean by side effect of the drug? Louder please. Yeun? Yeun? What do you mean by side effect of the drug? Sorry, sorry. Louder. I have hearing impairment not because of a drug toxic effect. Again?

not harmful. So the side effects are expected effect. It doesn't cause harm. Very good. What about a number that you would be giving me?

What about toxic effects? Can you give me one toxic effect of a drug? What do you mean by toxic effect? What is a toxic effect of a drug?

Just give me one.

What can be damaged dangerously or severely by this drug? If taken too much? Anaphylaxis. What do you mean by anaphylaxis? What is anaphylaxis? Good. Alright. Anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis or what? As a nurse, what do you see with that anaphylactic reaction?

What is that anaphylaxis? Give me a very good example of anaphylaxis. Yuri, what is that anaphylactic reaction with that drug? What is there to watch out for as a nurse that can be life-threatening? Louder. I get up here?

Juri, louder.

And if-- What was that? Am I hearing SOP? What is SOP? . Can you come closer? So I would be able to hear? . Again, again. Can you come closer, Yuri?

Again, what were you saying? Shortness. Again? Louder. Use the microphone. You were saying? Shortness. Shortness. Ah, okay. Got you. Shortness of breath. S-O-B. Not S-O-P. I was hearing S-O-B. SOB, shortness of breath. Very good.

So with shortness of breath, follow up question, what do we see being affected on this patient that would say life-threatening?

Shortness of breath. Cannot breathe. So what would be affected?

What organ will be affected? What system will be affected if the patient will be having shortness of breath? Shortness of breathing, what will be affected?

and that, each one will be affected.

I hope I'm not affecting that portion at this time. Which one will be affected? Who's your friend here? Can you call your chingu? Who's your chingu? Can you tell me who your chingu is? They are not your chingu. Who's your chingu? 21. 21.

Which one will be affected? -Brain. Which part of the brain are you referring to? That would control breathing. Because Yuri was saying, thank you. Yuri was saying shortness of breath. Yes, the brain will be affected. Which part of the brain controls breathing? -Medula. -Medula. -Medula, oblong gata, and your pons, right? So the brain will be controlling that the heart, the vital signs. Yes, correct.

Okay, so toxic effect is on anaphylaxis. What else? So that affects the ABCs of life, airway and breathing. Yuri, can you call a number? Three. Call number three. Ghana. Ghana. Okay. Okay. So another toxic effect of the drug, aside from anaphylaxis. that brings problems in the airway, breathing,

louder I cannot read your lips with that mask of yours yeah another toxic effect hmm aside from shortness of breath you will also be saying red redness right rashes allergy with that of red man syndrome as we would know patient would to be really, really red.

with those itchiness aside from those problem on breathing, airway obstruction, with wheezing. Yours, eh? What was that? Louder. Why are your voices getting softer and softer? - Yellow skin. - Yellow skin. - Ah, damaging what? and there will be yellowish skin.

on soldiers. Damaging what?

If there would be yellowish sclera, yellow skin, yellowish, very dark yellow, urine, what would be damaged? Which organ will be damaged? Liver. Hepatotoxicity. Okay? Very good. Hepatotoxicity will be checked. Those will be the kind of exams that I'll be asking that would bring your analysis also, not just memory. Because you as nurses, future nurses, you'll have to assess your patients. Of those, either there's a side effect, toxic effect, or adverse effect.

Dana, give me a number. 29? Gayan. Igayan. Gayan? Another toxic effect aside from anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, what else do we have? Hmm? What was that? Sorry? - Good.

What is that? Rashes. Rashes. Rashes. Rashes? Yeah, with skin, itchiness, redness, rashes. That would belong under anaphylaxis. So aside from anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, what do we have? Other organs that may be damaged. The brain, the lungs, the airway. Yes. The liver, what else?

6 out of 8 brings this kind of damage where the patient would have oliguria. Urine output would be affected, would be low, lower than 30 ml per hour.

What is that toxic effect? If it affects the urine output,

What are you referring to if that would affect the urine output? Which organ will be affected? Diane?

Yes, that would be part of our renal system, the bladder. That would be the kidneys. So the urinary system, that means nephrotoxicity. Nephrons, basically, will be affected. So we have nephrotoxicity. What do we check as nurses? If there could be possibly nephrotoxicity, aside from urine output, less than 30 ml per hour, what do we check on those lab tests?

would be significant to tell us the kidneys are being damaged now what lab test do you check aside from that urine output what would be significant lab tests value what value are we looking at b u n blood urea nitrogen what else creatinine what level would be creatinine that would say toxic already

What creatinine number are you looking for? 1.3 and up means creatinine is excreted by these kidneys, and this is already damaging the kidneys. Not good. What other toxic effects are listed here? Yeah, anaphylactic. What do you mean by paradoxical? Can you give me a number?

17? Unsol. Pak Unsol. Unsol? What do you mean by paradoxical effect? What is that effect? Just give me one word that would remind you of paradoxical effect of the drug. What's the key word for that? Unsol? What's the key word for paradoxical effect of the drug? Thank you.

I'll give example and you tell me the key word. So this drug, wow, you already know. Opposite. What do you mean by opposite? What is not supposedly happening, but it is happening. For example, antihistamine drug will make the patient sleepy. And yet.

The patient cannot sleep, will be full awake. So the opposite of what is expected will be happening. Paradoxical effect, if you see that term, what does it mean? Opposite of the effect would be happening to this patient. And then you have egosyncratic responses. You try to review those. So what about number? Onsali? - 25.

is Nakyeong or Nakyeong. What about these brand generic chemical names? How do you remember brand name? How is it written?

Okay. Yes, capitalize. B, brand name for big letters. Very good. What about generic? How is it written?

Small letters, not capitalized. Very good. What about chemical name? How do you recognize chemical name? If I give examples of these drugs name, would you recognize brand name, genetic name? How do you recognize chemical name? How is it written? One word.

How would you know it's chemically written with that name?

letter word that starts with L. Very long. It is written very long name but doctors will not write those chemical name. Usually, generic name. Why? Generic name would be expensive or cheaper? Cheaper. Cheaper. Then the brand name because they are branded so they would be more expensive. Okay, very good. Let's proceed to bacteriostatic. Bactericidal.

Can you give me a number? 31. E. Dakyong. Dakyong. Can you give me an example of a bacteriostatic antibiotic? At least one. How would you remember it's bacteriostatic? What's the key? How many antibiotics did we have?

Out of those eight, only two are bacteriostatic in nature. What do you mean by bacteriostatic? Again. Inhibiting growth of bacteria. What do you mean by inhibiting? It stops the growth of this bacteria. Okay, very good. Can you give me an example of that?

Aptereostatic effect. One good antibiotic would be...

Erythromycin. Erythromycin. What is erythromycin? The classification, not the drug's name. It's better to start off with the classification or the type of antibiotic. What is that antibiotic? What's the keyword? ST. ST. Look at the name, bacteriocytic.

- Got it.

starting with S and starting with P. So if I give you those options, you could easily recognize which one is bacteriostatic. Dakyang, can you give me a number? So you answered the definition of bacteriostatic already. Give me a number. Sorry, Dean.

G1, Kim G1. G1. Give me example of bacteriostatic drug or antibiotic. Okay.

Starting with S and starting with T, what are those two antibiotics that are bacteriostatic in nature?

Would you like to call a friend? Number one?

Ah, again, I will repeat. So can you give me an example of an antibiotic that is bacteriostatic?

I'll give you examples and then you choose. One, aminoglycosides. Two, look at me. Two, macrolides. Three, sulfonamides. Four, penicillin. One, aminoglycosides. You agree? Can you call me a number? - What do you want? - She said five.

Five. Five. Who's number five? Hione. Kanghione. One, aminoglycosides. Two, macrolides. Three, sulfonamides. Four, penicillin. Which one is bacteriostatic? Are you writing those examples? Again, which of the following antibiotics would you consider bacteriostatic? Aminoglycosides.

2. Macrolides 3. Sulfonamides 4. Penicillin May I add another? 5. Fluorokinolones 5.

sure three is that an answer or is that a question three three are you sure hundred percent you're not changing your mind agree or disagree jerry agree agree okay yes sulfonized would be bacteriostatic in nature which

Which one is not included here? What other antibiotic would be bacteriostatic? Tetrazygles. So S and T, tetrazygles. These are bacteriostatic. All the rest are what? Bactericidal in nature. If I ask which of the following drugs are bactericidal,

Would you be able to answer? Exact, yes, and P. All the rest are bactericidal. If I say choose all that apply, then you don't choose sulfonamides and tetrazymes. What are bactericidal antibiotics? What do they do? Kill bacteria. They are killing those bacteria. They kill those bacteria right away.

So those are your aminoglyphosides, macrolides, penicillin, fluoroquinolones. Kill bacteria 100% right away. But ST, bacteriostatic, will stop those bacteria's growth and then allow the immune system to kill those bacteria. Are we understanding? Yeah. Yes.

Next, give me a number. Ayun. Eight.

Suyon. Suffixes, prefixes of those drugs and their classification. Suffixes. What is a pril drug? Enala pril. Lisona pril. Ending in pril. What kind of drugs are these? Suyon. What are pril drugs? Table 3.1. I already mentioned that to you.

you have to familiarize yourselves with those of the suffixes, prefixes. So, yun, what are pril drugs? Enalapril, lisonapril. Ending in pril, what are they?

They are what kind of drugs?

Ang jute n singin

They are correct and you've been seen one.

Angiotensin? ACE inhibitors. Yes, ACE inhibitors. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. What are your ACE angiotensin converting enzymes? Of course, they are enzymes. So these enzymes will do what? Change, facilitate, conversion of what? I can see you.

One, two, angiotensin, two, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. So it makes sense. What do you mean by inhibitor? It stops angiotensin converting enzyme function to change this angiotensin one to two. So, if it will not be changing any of these...

because they are inhibitors, what will happen? There will be no vasoconstriction. What condition exists if there would be vasoconstriction? Increase of blood pressure. So, if there will be no vasoconstriction because it inhibits the ACE or the enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme, So problem on BP would be resolved.

Now, Suyeon, I'm still on you. So what happens if the doctor prescribes this pre-drug and then the patient develops caffeine, dry cough?

What will be an alternative drug? Give me a number, Suya. Fifteen? No, Jimmy. So the patient is given ACE inhibitor, Pril drug, enalopril. And then after administering that, after a day or two or one week, Patient developed coughing or cough, dry cough.

What would you expect the doctor to be prescribing? Because the patient developed CAF. What drug will be an alternative?

or ACE inhibitors because of that calf. You choose. Is it the sartan drugs? Is it the statin drugs? The sone drugs or all drugs? Oh, one, two, three, four, five. - ARB. - One, two, three, four, five. - One, ARB. - What are ARBs? What do you mean by ARBs? - I'm your attention to research and to blog.

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers. So what do they block? Two. Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers will be blocking this. Angiotensin 2, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. So if it blocks that blockers, there is no vasoconstriction happening. So these are what we call sultandras. and begin some time.

example, Losapan is angiotensin receptor blocker. Give me a number. Number two. Songju. No Songju.

Pero ba ang studying drugs? What are studying drugs?

What do they lower? Which one would you like to answer? What do they lower? Or give me an example of this drug. When you hear statin, what do they do to the body?

just give the example simbastatin so ending in statin will target lowering of what condition on that patient's problem health problem

It sounds you. High? High? Injet? Injet? You're my interpreter. Very good. That would be correct. Treating high cholesterol, high lipid profile, high cholesterolemia, high lipidemia. So, it is a high lipidemic drug. So, those fats, those fats,

Those lipid profile, what are those lipid profiles we are talking about? Cholesterol. LDL. HDL. HDL would be high. Tri- It should be high because it's a good cholesterol. LDL is a bad cholesterol. It should be lowered. Cholesterol also should be lowered. And triglycerides should be lowered. Very good. So, statine drugs are high polypidemic drugs. So, if you wouldn't come to that, then you would know. Okay.

They could sound good. Sound drugs. What are sound drugs? Let me just finish this. Rednisone are steroids. It's also part of that table 3.3. All drugs are what kind of drugs? Give me a number. Sound sure. All drugs are what? Give me a number. 17.

What are all drugs?

metropolol atenolol O-L-O-N or what kind of drugs? beta beta blockers very good beta blockers so beta blockers would be what anti-dysrhythmic drug class what? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Yung-Jae? Wow, seems very confident and ready for the exam. Class 2 is correct. What is class 1, Yung-Jae? Correct? Beta blockers or class 2? Class 1 is what?

channel blockers class two would be your better flowers the old class three would be what calcium send yes your potassium channel blockers channel blacker CB CB plus for calcium channel blockers and last five

Arjac glycoside, very common example would be your digoxin. Digoxin. Okay. So, we'll solve. Dipin, drugs, belongs to what? Dipin, right? Nifedipin. Okay.

Very popular for hypertension, the Fedipine. Calcium channel blocker. Derapamine. And Deltazan. What are these drugs? Calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers. So this would be class 4. The PN drugs. And finally, uptone.

Standing in Actone, Spironolactone. Consol, give me a number before our break. Hmm? 20. 20? Who's number 20? Oh, Yuri! Actone. What are Actone drugs? You should know those by this time.

makes you pee.

What drugs make you pee or urinate that produces diuresis? What kind of drugs are those?

Thank you.

What drugs make you urinate? Calium sparing. Calium sparing. Calium sparing means retention.

Allowing the potassium or the calium to get out of the body. Correct. So, apone drugs are potassium, spherin, diuretics.

Give me a number. Last number. Yuri. Ten. Yeun. Kim Yeun. Kim Yeun.

If it's potassium sparing, what would be your potassium level? Higher or low? Would you expect hypokalimia or hyperkalimia? Yeah. Give me an answer. Hyper or hypo? Hypo or hyper? Final answer, yeah. Before I write, are you sure? Higher than?

What level? Higher than five legs per acre. Very good. Okay, so we'll pause for a break. After 10 minutes, we'll be back with the rest.

bullet so these are all pointers or reminders for all of you to prepare yourself before reporting to the examination room for your midterm you should have this check please check check check check if you know that no then that means you're in good hands you will be safe if not that would not be my problem anymore

So review also chapter exercises of the prescribed textbook. I'm not sure how many items I lifted from those multiple choice questions in the textbook that we are using. So make sure you also read and answer those. Next bullet on professors' exercises, lymonics in the PPT, and recorded lectures, especially that of chapter 5 and 6, and with that of...

chapter 17. So this is on chapter 5 and 6 with right. What do you mean by right? Can I erase this? Oh, yes. What do you mean by right? What are those anti-tubercular drugs? R stands for what? Re-pump it. What is R? Re-pump it. Re-pump it. Re-pump it. That brings that, what R? - Okay. - Red for H.

Urine. It stands for those of side effect or toxic effects? Toxic. What is red, orange urine or secretions? Red, orange tears, sweat, red, orange. What are those secretions? Side effect, toxic effect? Side effect. For rifampin. Is it normal?

that the patient would expect red orange urine after taking that or is it a toxic effect that they need to go to the ER to report that to the doctor which one side effect or toxic effect one or two red orange urine two side that one check one one or two red orange urine

One. Wow. What a voice. Toxic effect. One. Correct? Side effect? Yes, that's normal. Nothing to be nervous of red, orange urine because that's a normal expected side effect. So remember the R. I... Isoniazine. Yes, isoniazine. I-N-H for short. And it would bring you also to those of the I-N-H. It would bring you to those of the I-N-H.

effects of the drugs. P? Paragrazing light. Pisa, first word. Just remember Pisa. What is Pisa? It brings what? P? Pain. Joint pains. What other P is that? Urine precipitation? Do you see that? On those side effects. And then the E, what is that E? - Can you add some bottle?

Fambutol or for short EMB. What does it bring? E. I. Problem. So those are the key words that we have to remember for anti-tubercular drugs. Nursing roles responsibilities of teachings to prevent toxic effects. We talk about those. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, anaphylactic reaction, allergic reaction. So, what do you teach?

clients your patients about this example with nephrotoxicity so report those of changes in their urine output those colors of urine if it's too dark then it would be hepatotoxicity what about auto toxicity what would be the the manifestation for that? Who was the last to answer?

Check one, give me a number. Two again? Check one. Two, three, four? What are the scores of the sharing?

Yes, tinnitus would be the correct answer. Autotoxicity. Why? Why do they have to report ringing on those ears? Because it may bring permanent hearing problem. Deafness. You don't want your patient to be deaf or to be disabled for life. So those are warning. That's why we call them toxic effects.

So dangerous, it may bring such permanent damage. What about neurotoxicity? How do you know this is neurotoxic? What would be the manifestation to watch out for? Number. Ten. Ten? Again? Yeah. Okay. Other number? There are so many numbers. 32. Songyeon? Song yan!

What manifestation do we see for neurotoxicity? What do we report? What do we check? What do we assess that would suggest neurotoxic, the brain, is already suffering? That you will be checking your patient of the PPT, not the PowerPoint. You will be asking your patient, do you know where you are?

Do you know who am I? Do you know what time it is? That's the PPT. Time, persons, and place. So what do we call that? What are we assessing if we ask a patient of those questions? What are we assessing?

Thank you.

最新的意义

Would you like to call a friend? I'll go back to you, Songyeon.

Number, any number? Fifteen? T-One? Cerebral. One-letter word. One-word, starting with letter C. Answered N. Letter C? Okay.

ありがとうございました。

Confusion? Hmm? Confusion. Confusion. Confusion. Confusion. Confusion. Confusion. Yes. Are we getting confused? Confusion means patient is disoriented of the time and the place of person. He doesn't recognize those if you'll be asking patient. Neurotoxic. He may be causing neurotoxicity.

What about Cardiotoxicity? As a nurse, what do you watch out for? What do you observe? What do you assess? That would say, ah, this is already Cardiotoxic. Heart rate. What's the normal heart rate? 62? 100. So if it falls below 60, bradycardic. If it's higher than 100, takicardic. Those would be suggesting Cardiotoxicity. And those of dysrhythmias as well that we have to monitor.

And you know what to monitor with allergic reactions, with photosensitivity also. How do we manage photosensitivity? How do we prevent that? Wearing those sunglasses. Sunglasses. Umbrella. Cups. Drinking water. Wearing those clothing that would prevent any of those sunburn. What about BM suppression? What is BM suppression?

What do you mean by BM? Bone marrow. Suppress. Not producing those blood cells. If it's not producing enough RBC, what condition exists? Low RBC. Low hemoglobin. What could you have? Your anemia. So patient becomes dizzy.

Pale in color. RBC is responsible for what? Oxygenation. So problem with breathing. Shortness of breath. Dissonance because there would be lesser oxygen flowing into the body. With color also of the skin that would have pale or pallor. Now WBC brings what? problem. Look opinion.

Low leukocytes, leukopenia. Low neutrophils. Neutropenia. Neutropenia. So you know those neutropenia. And what would be the problem here? If WBC would be low. Bleeding tendons. Yes, infection, of course. Problem on infection. And the last, the blood cell would be on platelets.

For your thrombocytes, problem on blood clotting. So if platelets will not be clotting, what problem do we have? Plate breathing. So what's the term for that? If low thrombocytes, lower than 200,000. So you have 200,000 to 350. So if your platelets is only 50,500,000.

do we have? Thrombocytopenia. Now, if all of these are low, what condition exists? Three in one. Three blood cells, all low. Low RBC, low WBC, low thrombocytes. What condition exists? Pancitopenia. Meaning, it's like a pandemic.

PAN-CYTO-PINYA. PINYA means low. Level A. So you just change those prefixes to no, not initial. So those are BAM suppression. Next. You should remember those pathophys of MI, hypertension, OAB, BPH. Risk factors and the main nature of the problems. Because this is not only pharmacology, you should also review, but the pathophysiology. By knowing those risk factors and what's the real problem with those conditions. Basically on the cardiovascular, the

the main drugs for the following main health condition and what you will do or must to do or teach patients and families so what's the main drug of choice for myocardial ischemia or angina pectoris that's your energy right nitroglycerin are you following yes so on boom are you following okay so with mpg nitroglycerin and for myocardial infarction morphine

would be the drug of choice. Always think of the drug, number one drug for those conditions. So hypertension, number one drug would be ACE inhibitors ending in what? So go, your ACE inhibitors ends in what? What would be the suffix that you have to remember?

These are the choices. Pril drugs, sartans, statins, sone, or lone. Which one would be your ACE inhibitors? One, two, three, four, or five. Is it ending in pril, sartans, statins, sone, or lone? One, two, three, four, five. What's your answer?

This will be ending in what? - Pril. - Sonful. Is it inalapril, ending in pril? Is it losaltan, ending in sultan? Or is it sigvastatin, ending in statin? Number four, prednisone, ending in son, or metropolol, ending in pulul. One, two, three, four, or five? Give me an answer.

asking of the ACE inhibitors.

Is it pril drug? Is it salkan drug? Is it statin, sonic drug, or an old drug?

go back to you, Yosof. What's your answer? Yes, one is good. So this is the pre-drugs for your ACE inhibitors. What are ARBs drugs? Give me a number, Yosof. 31. Dakyong? ARBs are examples.

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers are what? 1. Pril. 2. Sartan. 3. Statin. 4. Sol. 5. Olol.

sartan drugs. Very good. Next. Diuretics. Give me an example of potassium sparing diuretics. Answers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Options. Give me a number. Dakyong. Hayon. Thank you.

masking of potassium sparing diuretics. What do you mean by potassium sparing? It holds. It retains. It keeps those potassium or calcium. Example of those would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. What's your answer? What are calcium retaining diuretics?

And they in what?

Mm-hmm. Dipin? You agree with her? Doyon.

potassium sparing diuretics examples would be statin, sone, olol, dipin, or actone drugs.

안녕!

actone drugs would be correct. Not dipine. What is dipine? Dipedipine. These are? - Calcium. - Calcium channel lockers. The actone would be your potassium sparing diuretics. What are foods to avoid if the patient is on potassium sparing diuretics. Give me a number.

- 14. Kim Yoon. Give me at least one food to avoid when a patient is on accton drugs. Kim Yoon.

Again, if the patient is on actone drugs, what's happening with the potassium? Higher. Higher, no? Yaon? High. High. Yes, it's high. It's keeping the potassium. So, what food will I avoid if I'm your patient?

what food or fruit I cannot eat? Banana. Yes, of course. I cannot eat banana. What else? Aside from banana. Aside from banana, give me a number. What foods are high in potassium that I should avoid because I have hyperkalemia? 12. Ji An, Kim Ji An.

Aside from banana, what other foods are high in potassium? Orange juice. What else? Some more. Tomato. Huh? Tomato. What else? Potato. What else? Watermelon. What else? Grapes. What else? Potato. Yogurt. Those are high in potassium. So I cannot eat those if I am already hyper-acidemic.

Okay. Next. But if I have hypokalemia, then I should eat those. What diuretics will bring hypokalemia? Give me a number. 19. 19. Haram. Haram. What diuretics will bring hypokalemia? So, if octodrugs will bring

Hypochalemia because it is potassium, keeping, sparing, retaining diuretics. What? Diuretics will bring hypokalemia.

So opposite of potassium sparing. It ends in side, but there are thiazide diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics. That's number two. Number three would be potassium wasting diuretics and potassium sparing diuretics, which would bring hypokalimia. One, two, three, or four. Because we have four types of diuretics, which would bring hypokalimia. Why is there hypokalimia? What is happening with the potassium?

Why is the potassium level going down? Because it is being removed, lost in that of the urine or diuresis. So give me the best example of diuretic that brings hypokalimia. Haram? One, two, three, or four.

is correct. So that would be an example, very good example, of potassium losing diuretics would be would be

Starts with L. Brand name. Losing diuretic should be your LASIKs or Furosemide. Next, what do we have here? Signs and symptoms of hypo and hyperkalemia. Since we're talking of hypokalemia for potassium losing diuretics, what are those manifestations that would tell you, "Oh, the patient is hypokalemic already. I don't have yet the lab values of potassium level."

below 3.5. What do I see? Haram, can you give me a number? 26. 26 is Soyeon, Jung Soyeon. Can you give me one of those manifestations of hypokalemia?

Expect those, should we ask. Because we finished already health assessment. So make sure you remember those. Decreasing potassium levels. Another. What was that? Muscle weakness. Muscle weakness, very good. What else? Weakness is common for both. - Cranth. - Hypo and hyperkalemia.

What else? So, witness. What else do we see on the patient? Arrhythmia. Mm-hmm. Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia. Disarrhythmias or arrhythmias? Arrhythmia.

What arrhythmia will that be? U-wave. Let's suggest low potasu. Your U-wave. ST segment also. So presence of U-wave. Depress ST segment. Positive means presence of U-wave. What else? ST segment, high or low? Low. Yes.

will be low or sagging as the segment and of course what else do we have shallow breathing shallow breathing irritability confusion confusion also the same for hyperkalemia what else GI motility higher low for hypokalemia we're talking of hypokalemia here low

What is that low? GI activity. Conscivation. Diarrhea would be fast. Increased GI motility. So that would be the opposite. Conscivation. What is conscivation? Not having poop or bowel movement for how long? How many days? Will you not go to the toilet to poop?

three days. That would be lethargy added and Freddie Paltz. I have this as the limonics in your PPP. Sick de what? D on dysrhythmias. Dizziness also. Sick. May I add here? Dizziness. Or dysrhythmias. Alright.

So you should know those signs and symptoms of hypo and hyperkalemia. What's the main drug for CHF? Decoxin. Decoxin. Decoxin given. What do we check? Heart rate. Heart rate. Heart rate 58. Give or not give? Eonju. Eonju. Heart rate 58. 5.8. Will you give the option or not?

yes if 68 give or not me you with confidence heart rate should be check what is the big level give me a number young you nine yo yo jean kim yo jean big level bigoxin level that would be toxic so you will not be giving that the boxing

digitales.

How many NG or ML do you watch out for, for that gig level?

2.5? 2. Are you talking of INR? I know. Big, big lemon.

greater than

greater than two? Two. Just two. Remember two. If it's two and aft, we are insurable. So that's digoxin toxicity. What's the antidote for digoxin toxicity? Digivind. What's the antidote? Digivind. Digivind. Your immune fab. DG immune fab. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity. What's the most common? GI.

Digoxyntoxicity, anorexia. Anorexia. What would be the most common symptom of neurodigoxyntoxicity confusion? So you look at those of the digoxyntoxicity manifestations as well. Number three, those given exercises that I have provided you for OAB, BPH, when giving camsulosine, drag, what are your nursing roles and responsibilities? So it's on that PPT. What are the four E's of angina pectoris?

Exertion. Excessive. Eating. Eating. Excessive. Emotions. Excessive. Exercise. Excessive. Environment. Environment. Cold environment. That brings vasoconstriction. Four clotting stages and the action of your anticoagulants, ACs, what are those? Spam. Stage one, stage two, stage three, stage four. - Is that?

is the clapping stage? Where is clap being formed? Stage one, two, three or four? Where is that clapping form, formation? Stage one, two, three or four? Three. Where is that action of the drug? Fibrinolytic drugs. What do you mean by fibrinolysis? Lysis means destroying, dissolving the fibrin, which is insoluble. So this fibrin

should be dissolved. So this is the clath that is formed. When is fibrin formed?

When is fibrin formed? So this is the clot. If this will be destroyed by that, what drug? Will it be fibrinolytic drugs? Fibrinolytic means drugs that will destroy the fibrin. Because we have fibrinogen as the clot of protein, And this will be beginning in class,

in the form of what? We've got enzyme known as? - Thrombin. - Thrombin. - Thrombin. - Right? So we need those of the, what is this stage? Stage three. This is the solution, destruction of fibrin stage four. So we need fibromyalytic drugs.

Alright, so you know the main purpose of giving those drugs. So for stage four, it will destroy this fibrin. But if you'll be having other anticoagulants, what would be the action of those anticoagulants? True or false? May I ask on Hongju? Anticoagulants will make the blood thinner.

True or false? True. You agree? You agree? Yes. True. Anti-coagulants make the blood thinner. True. Anti-coagulants make the blood thinner in true. False. It doesn't.

Anti-coagulants make the blood thinner. So yan. Yun, so yan. True or false? True. We're the only ones saying false. Let me hear from Kunam. Anti-coagulants make the blood thinner. False. This is male versus female. Briefing and says, "True, Professor."

Two males would say false. Which is which I need a tie breaker? Maybe? Another male? Hanyang? False. Who would like to break the tie? False. False. False. False. False. False. .

Throne? True or false? False. False. The three gentlemen at the back. False. False. It's a solid manpower. False. It should be false. Ladies, anti-coagulance does not make the blood thinner. If you answer that, in the exam, true, I will make double deduction.

doesn't make blood thinners what will anti-coagulants do prevent anti prevent coagulation it prevents clot formation if there's already an existing clot it doesn't make it bigger and if there's already a big clot we need fibery no details you should know this okay moving on best drug example what are anti-coagulants

One, two, three, four. What would be the best drug example for EPI antiplatelet inhibitor? Aspirin. DPI, direct thrombin inhibitors. Heparin. Inhibitors, it inhibits thrombin to change fibrinogen into fibrin. What would be that drug? Your expensive drug is production. Heparin. Redoxa.

Those are expensive drugs. Your heparin is an example of IPI. Heparin. And the other one, low molecular weight heparin. Heparin is given IV sub-Q. This is only sub-Q. Remember? What's the antidote for heparin? From protein? Protamin sulfate. Remember those antidotes. These are very important when you talk of pharmacology. Those antidotes.

Choose among these. These are all antidotes. Activated charcoal is an antidote for what? API, DTI, ITI, Vitamin K. This is an antidote for your aspirin. Aminokaproic acid and tranoxamic acid is an antidote for what?

안녕

Antidote for what? Are your tranoxamic acid and aminoclopoic acid. I'll give options. One, two, three, four, five.

5. Correct. Fibrillitic drugs. Next. Idarucizumab is an antidote for what? Same options. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 2. 2 is correct. So try on. Protamine sulfate is an antidote for what? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

What is Heparin? Sorry? Heparin. ITI. ITI. And vitamin K or phytonadion is an antidote for what? Waferin. Yes, of course. Number four, vitamin K antagonists. And your Digivind immune fab is an antidote for what? Digoxin. Naloxone is an antidote for what?

Morphine. Morphine. Over dosage. And acetylcysteine is an antidote for what? Acetaminopin. Hmm? Acetaminopin. Acetaminopin. Alright. And for your... Did I finish? Yeah. So make sure you should remember those antidotes. And for the video lecture of mine, for Chapter 17, you should know. Cell cycle specific chemo drug examples. These are your alkylating agents and anti-tumor antideal pigs. So what do they do?

Cell cycle specific. On that cell cycle, what are our cell cycle? For those who have seen the lecture, what are the cell cycle? Your G1, G0, G2, M phase. Remember in our anatomy, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, stellar phase. So this would be on that cell specific. Cell cycle specific. So it kills cancer cells in that specific phase of the cell cycle. So specific for G2, for M phase, for example.

So what does it do? Damage the DNA. Our cancer cells will not divide, will not reproduce. So it attacks those DNA. And what about traditional chemotherapy? You should remember those. And most important, precautionary measures that you have to teach your patient and their families. It's all on that lecture. What do you assess when you give anti-mitotic agents of chemotherapy?

You also check on those prescribed text books. Now, important prevention, not only detection for cancer, what is cautionary? What do you mean by cautionary? Can I erase this? Yes. What do you mean by cautionary? What do you see? Change of bowel, bladder. These are warning signals of cancer. Watch out for to observe.

Who else? I haven't called. Unje. What is C on that question? Naunje? What is C? C.

It's in your PPT, right? You should know those warning signals. Locally, number one in the mortality rate of Korea is cancer. So you should know how to teach, what to teach your clients of those warning signals that they should be able to know. Otherwise, they might be already diagnosed of stage four. Stage B, cancer.

without realizing what happened why on the last stage already of cancer because you didn't know they didn't know what to look for they're already experiencing those warning signals and yet they didn't mind at all what is that see changing changes in those bowel habits you cannot explain why am i having diarrhea and then suddenly concentration and then diarrhea again it's not on my diet and my food that is being eaten what what's the problem remember stomach cancer

We learned that also in microbiology. With bacterial infection causing ulcer may bring this gastric carcinoma. A is what? A sore that doesn't heal. Even if you have taken several drugs to treat it, it's not healing. Why? U is what? Unusual bleeding or discharging. Why am I having nose bleeding or epistopsis? I didn't have any symptoms.

sudden blow into my nose. What is T? Tickling or lumping the breast. Tickling or lumping the breast. For female, then you do your self-breast examination. For male, what do you do every month? Male. Students, male, will examine their, what is TST? Testicular self-examination. Favorite day of the month. But for female, yes, also once a month for that SBE. But it would be after menstrual period.

because breast tenderness that you might be having some lumps that you may be palpating, but it's not a warning signal. High indigestion. You have eaten already two hours, three hours. It's not feeling digestive of those foods that you have eaten. So you're still full of obvious changes in those words or moles. Look at my mole.

If it changes from black to becoming blue, or changing its color, and then having hair growth, and then it changes its shape, it becomes irregular, not round anymore, rough edges, that's something. Why? Why are moles to be monitored? Because they are dead cells. Why is there any growth happening on those moles?

it's if it's dead cell so something is growing on that and not your cough or hoarseness of those boys you seldom talk but then when you talk it's very harsh horse and then suddenly it will change its speech a anemia unexplained anemia why do you have low RBC low hemoglobin you cannot explain that you're not losing blood in here

The doctor cannot explain the reason for that. And then? - Loss of life. - Unespramed? - Loss of life. You're not on a diet and yet you are healthy. So those quick feedback for chapter 17, nursing care and safety, quickly. Who else have I not called? Gian? Gian? Kim Gian? Yes, answer this. The major side effect of majority of the anti-cancer drug is which of the following?

expected side effect of those anti-cancer drugs would be, remember, cancer drugs not only kill cancer cells, it also kill, destroy normal cells. So what could happen? Yes, very good. Bone marrow suppression.

You know those, right? Topocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, or pancytopenia. Number two, who else have not spoken? Go on, Oop. Patient receiving chemotherapy has long neutrophil count. What is your priority in nursing action? What is neutrophil? WBC. granulocytes. Granulocytes.

Very low result. What would be your priority nursing action? Iron supplements? What are iron supplements? For what? Iron supplements would be doing what? Iron. For your RBC. For your anemia. Does it?

Answer. Problem of neutrophil count? Don't you? Not one.

What will you do? We will not pause for a break. I'll just finish those multiple choice questions. And then if we're done, we can go. Okay? Yes. Go. He says three. Three. Yes. On infection precaution. So make sure you analyze those questions being asked. Next. So this would be the explanation for that. - Ah.

Next, who else is not answering? Yoon Jae? But you have answered a lot. Which of the following instructions would you consider is most important for patient receiving chemotherapy? Yoon Jae.

When a patient is receiving chemotherapy, so that would kill, again, attack not only cancer cells but also normal cells. Four is correct. Avoid those crowds because of possibility of infection. They might be suffering from opportunistic infection because they are immunocompromised.

Inpatient finding findings in a chemotherapy patient requires immediate attention.

now? Answer? Four. Yes. Very good. With fever, because again, problem on infection. That would bring the WBC down, RBC down. So this would be the explanation. So, for infection, it's a medical emergency for a neutropenic patient. What do you mean by neutropenic patient? Neutrophils would be low.

pro-clue infection. Next. Ah, this will be an easy one. So on U, which antibiotic is bacterial study?

Thank you.

I have answered this earlier.

What's the key again for bacteriostatic? ST. It starts with ST. S for T, antibiotic. So what's your answer? 3. So who? The technique or the strategy here when you say bacteriostatic, would be the

Those antibiotics starting with S4T. So which of these antibiotics will you choose? One, two, three, or four?

Yes, very good. Tetracycline. So that would be on that antibiotic, means tetracycline. And what is that S? Sulfonamides. Okay. Next, which antibiotic is used to treat theory? What's the pneumonia for that? So R-I-P-E. Right. So you could easily eliminate A and C.

So between R or P, which one is anti-covertular? Refaping. Refaping. Pen. Let me call on insu. Yes, refaping is correct. Not penicillin because the P on that is your pisa. P-razinoamide. Next. So these would be, I already included this in your...

But this one may be tricky. Which of these antifungal meds are used for nail fungal infection? Because you might be thinking of statin, same. NY means nail fungal infection, but not lowering drugs. Don't be confused on nystatin and that's invastatin. Because this one is on nail. So this you already know.

as their point of reference to remember antibiotics, there will be questions on this. Next. Patient taking tetrocyte in, be given instruction to do what?

So, tetracycline. You remember that picture? Tetracycline here. Of a bicycle. Cycline, yes. So, you remember those pictures. So, what's your answer? What's your answer? Avoid sunlight. Correct. Number four. Before giving penicillin, the nurse should do what?

with penicillin, what's the main to consider? Allergy. Yes, so assess for allergy. If you have allergy to penicillin, you may also be allergic to what? Cephyrus. So again, these are on your PPT. Just review them. Yes. Highlighting nephrotoxic, except what? - Sure.

is not nephrotoxic, which of the antibiotics are not nephrotoxic? Penicillin and fluoroctinolones are not nephrotoxic. All the rest are nephrotoxic. Which would require sun protection, all of those, including an anti-tubercular drug and this PMS.

All anti-tubercular drugs are IP except the E. What am I projecting here? Here, on teaching, for macro lights also, teach on wearing sunscreen and sun protection on those photosensitive. So these would be for anti-TB drugs to remember. Somebody.

Aminoglycosides like gentamicin would require monitoring for what? What is aminoglycoside? Hence in what? Amin. Sin. Amin. Aminoglycosides. Sin. Like gentamicin. Would require monitoring for what? Yes. Kidney and healing damage because this is auto and nephrotoxy.

Your patient on broad-spectrum antibiotics develops diarrhea. The nurse would suspect... - C. diff. - Yes, C. diff. Your super-bod, super-infection. So these are the explanation. Antibiotics kill normal flora, and also those harmful bacteria will overgrow. You can check on this.

a slide where you will see kidney and healing damage. Kidney, healing damage. Correct? And you have glycides with those gentrizing. Which antibiotics should not be given to children because of teeth discoloration? Again, yes sir? You already answered this earlier.

With that sunlight protection? With that bicycle? Yes, tetracycline. So if you go back again, tetracycline, the bone. It can cause bone deformities and tooth discoloration. So be careful not giving those tetracycline, doxycycline. Don't give to kids below 8.

also no to pregnancy and check on those sun exposure. What about vancomycin? This is mainly used for

We haven't covered viral infection. Yes. That would guide you already. If I write viral infection, no, we haven't touched viral infection yet. Fungal, not even. Parasitic, not even. So that would bring you to number two, MRSA. So this could be another way of asking that. Which patient should not receive petrocycline? Three. Yes, child age six years.

patient has a few infection caused by MRSA what is MRSA vancomycin, resistant, spas, or use, tapilopokus or use. Which antibiotic could be most appropriate for MRSA? Strain. Vancomycin. You remember do you. Or vancomycin. After administering penicillin, patient develops wheezing, hypotension, and hives. What would be your priority in MRSA action? This would be tricky.

This would challenge your critical analysis. Check one. So you know, penicillin, allergy. All right. Patient now develops wheezing. So those as a patient who would be breathing have whistling sound. Shock with hypotension. And then so many skin rashes or hives. What will you do as a nurse? first, right?

Priority would be? Stop. Object one. Think. Stop the drug and notify the doctor. Look at the situation. Look at the patient's condition. Patient having problem with breathing. Breathing. Because when you say breathing down, airway is narrowed. The air is passing through that narrowed airway. That's why you have that wheezing sound.

And the patient is in state of shock. What about those hives having this redness of chest, throat? If you stop the drug and then call the doctor, what could happen to this patient having problem with airway and breathing and circulation? Time is of essence. This is life-threatening. I could stop the drug, but if I call the doctor, doctor we do have a situation the patient blah blah blah is having wheezing is having

skin rashes and BB is falling.

Monitor vital signs. You can do that also, but time is of essence. It is an emergency already. You are left with two or three. What's your answer? So we eliminated one and four. Okay. What is an antihistamine? I love you.

Give me a final answer. Two or three. Are you sure? Epinephrine? What is epinephrine? It's an emergency drug. Those are the only drug. In case of emergency, you need not call the doctor. We can administer it as a nurse. Remember Naloxone? With morphine, even at outside hospital setting, layperson can do that.

allowed to do that especially with epinephrine let's say you're in the airplane a patient having this reason and then hives cannot breathe anymore you should have access to epi pen right away give that as an emergency number three is correct next number ten gentamicin reporting tinnitus this patient receiving gentamicin reports tinnitus what is tinnitus ringing on those ears. So what do you do as a nurse assigned to this patient?

I'm going to give an anti-emetic. What is an anti-emetic? Anti-emesis. To prevent vomiting. Is there any connection with that? Pinnitus and anti-emesis? Reassure the patient that this is a normal side effect. Nothing to worry. It's okay. It's a normal side effect of gentamicin. Or hold the drug and notify the doctor. Or, yeah, let's continue to gentamicin.

because it's a normal side of the eye. Call the drug and notify the doctor why. Remember gentamicin is ototoxic. Yes, correct. And birth lead is correct. So with that administration of epinephrine, correct? Because this is an anaphylactic reaction to that. Masoline and this would require a disease of life. So this affects airway, breathing, and circulation.

So epinephrine is a life saving. Yay, we're done. Yay. Anyway, Sean, I hope those review would help you. Review for your midterm exam. Okay. It's early on 3 p.m. to any street. Any clarification? Okay. So those are pointers for you to study well. You cannot afford to go to the midterm exam room without you knowing those. Those are must. Those are essential. I'm not saying you don't study other. You can still. I'm not holding you to learn more, but these are musts.

know those that I have given and please watch those recorded lecture what's our deadline today 6 p.m. if you do not watch at least once today if I check the elements and we'll see that line dashed line no numbers all will submit somebody of those at least one recorded lecture - Sure.

So deadline 6 o'clock, you still have time before 4 o'clock to watch some of those lectures. So this is our last day. I won't be seeing you in Pato, Parma. It's Professor Conn Unhok's turn to handle the class weekly. Okay, bye.